7 Things Our Physicians Wish You Knew About Colon Cancer

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the United States, and one of the most preventable. Missouri has higher-than-average colorectal cancer rates compared to the national average, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). That means this is not just a national issue. It affects families right here in our community. We asked our physicians what they wish every patient understood about colon cancer. Here’s what they want you to know. 

7 Things Our Physicians Wish You Knew About Colon Cancer

1. Colon cancer often has no symptoms at first 

Colorectal cancer starts in the colon or rectum. It often begins as small growths called polyps. These polyps usually do not cause pain or symptoms. 

That’s why screening matters. Screening can find polyps before they turn into cancer. If a colorectal cancer is already present but not causing symptoms yet, screening can often find it at an earlier stage. When cancer is found early, treatment is much more likely to be successful. 

By the time symptoms like rectal bleeding, ongoing belly pain, unexplained weight loss, or changes in bowel habits appear, the cancer may already be more advanced. Colorectal cancers found after symptoms develop are more likely to be at a later stage. 

2. Yes, you should get screened at 45 

One of the most common questions we hear is: When should you get a colonoscopy? The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that adults at average risk begin colon cancer screening at age 45. So what does “average risk” mean? 

You are considered average risk if you DO NOT have: 

• A personal history of colorectal cancer or certain types of polyps.
• Inflammatory bowel disease such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis.
• A strong family history of colorectal cancer.
• A known genetic condition such as Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis. 

If you have any of these risk factors, you may need to start screening earlier than 45. In some cases, screening begins at age 40, or even sooner, depending on your family history. If you are 45 or older and have not been screened, now is the time to talk with your provider. A simple conversation can help you understand your risk and decide which screening option is right for you. 

3. Not everyone needs the same type of screening

Many people think colon cancer screening always means a colonoscopy. While colonoscopy is the most complete test, it is not the only screening option for everyone.

Some patients should have a colonoscopy as their screening test, especially those with higher risk. This includes people with risk factors such as those listed above.

A colonoscopy is also recommended for patients who have symptoms like rectal bleeding, changes in bowel habits, ongoing belly or pelvic pain, or unexplained weight loss. In some cases, your provider may recommend seeing a specialist, such as a Gastroenterology provider, before scheduling the procedure.

Patients age 45 and older who do not have symptoms or risk factors may have other screening options. These include stool-based tests such as the Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) every year, or Cologuard every three years.

These tests look for small amounts of blood or DNA from polyps or tumors in the stool. If one of these tests comes back positive, a follow-up colonoscopy is needed.

4. A colonoscopy can prevent cancer 

A colonoscopy is not just a test to find cancer—it can actually prevent it. 

During a colonoscopy, your GI doctor can remove polyps before they turn into cancer. That’s what makes this screening so powerful. 

According to the CDC and the American Cancer Society, screening programs have reduced the number of new colorectal cancer cases and lowered the risk of dying from colorectal cancer by up to 33%. 

If you’re searching for a GI doctor in Springfield, MO, or need to schedule a colonoscopy in Springfield, our Gastroenterology and Colorectal Surgery teams are here to help. 

5. Colonoscopy prep isn't as bad as you think 

Let’s talk about the part people worry about most: the prep. To see inside the colon clearly, it must be cleaned out beforehand. This is done by taking a preparation, often called “the prep.” 

A prep usually involves: 

• Following a clear liquid diet the day before, such as water, broth, gelatin, or clear juice.
• Taking a prescribed bowel cleansing solution (there are several options).
• Staying near a restroom for several hours. 

It’s not glamorous, but it is temporary. Most patients say the prep is easier than they expected. The procedure itself is typically done under sedation. Most people do not remember it and go home the same day. If you’ve been putting it off because you’re nervous about what to expect, talk with your provider. They will walk you through every step. 

6. Primary care plays a big role 

You do not have to figure this out alone. 

Your primary care provider helps: 

• Determine when you should start screening.
• Review your personal and family history.
• Decide which screening test is appropriate.
• Refer you to a specialist if needed.
• Keep track of your preventive care. 

Colorectal cancer screening is a routine part of preventive care. It is one of the simplest ways to protect your long-term health. 

7. Small steps now can make a big difference 

While screening is key, lifestyle also matters. Research shows that regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, following a high-fiber diet, limiting processed meats, and not smoking can help lower your risk of colorectal cancer. But even healthy people can develop colon cancer. That’s why screening is still essential. 

Take the Next Step 

If you are 45 or older, or have a family history of colorectal cancer, now is the time to schedule your screening. If you do not have symptoms or risk factors, your primary care provider can help decide if stool-based screening is appropriate. Our Primary Care, Gastroenterology, and Colorectal Surgery teams work together to make the process simple and comfortable. 

Call your primary care provider or request an appointment online today. Preventive care can save your life, and it starts with one conversation. 

Most insurance plans cover colon cancer screening starting at age 45, but coverage may vary. Contact your insurance provider for details.